Malhotra Observatory
Clear Sky Chart
History

This sumarizes the distribution of each different forecast outcome for the Malhotra Observatory clear sky chart from 2005-11-06 to 2024-01-13.

This page is a summary of past forecasts. Even though it's based only on forecasts, some people use these pages as clue to a site's climate. But climate data based on actual observation should be preferred (if you can find it!).

Cloud, Transparency and Seeing forecasts are summarized individually. But because good observing conditions require a combination of minimum cloud cover, transparency and seeing, the individual forecast summaries can be difficult to interpret. The observing conditions section counts the combinations of conditions needed for common types of astronomical observation.

Observing Conditions

The following tables count the occurrence of the combinations of forecast and darkness conditions needed for different observations. Conditions are rated by by what percentage of the hours the observation would likely be attempted are usable.

Observation Type	Minimum conditions for hour to be usable				Out of hours
	Clear of Clouds	Transparency	Seeing	Sky Brightness
Planetary:	50%	(no limit)	Average	(no limit)	Nighttime Hours
Deep Sky:	70%	Average	(no limit)	5.9	Nighttime Hours
CCD Imaging:	70%	Below Average	Poor	(no limit)	Nighttime Hours

Percentages are of nighttime hours per month, or per year, when a particular observing conditions was met. Deep Sky percentages never exceed 50% because the moon is up half the time. Deep sky percentages are much lower for charts at high latitudes because of fewer dark hours in the summer.

Overall

By Month

Individual Forecasts

The length of each colored bar in the "occurrence of each Forecast" column is proportional to the number of times the chart forecast that color. The percentages are of the total number of hours per month, or per year, with a particular forecast. The colors as the same as those used in clear sky charts.

Note: Transparency probabilities are only counted for those hours that have 30% or less cloud cover. Seeing probabilities are only counted for those hours that have 80% or less cloud cover. If that's too tricky, try Observing Conditions instead.

Overall

		Occurrence of each Forecast	Data Points
Cloud Cover	Day	7% 5% 3 6% 7% 5% 7% 7% 9% 12% 33%	74889
	Night	7% 5% 3 6% 6% 4 6% 6% 8% 11% 38%	74855
Transparency	Day	37% 14% 19% 17% 10% 2	74612
	Night	36% 11% 19% 20% 11% 2	74651
Seeing	Day	7% 3 13% 29% 32% 16%	14915
	Night	8% 3 13% 30% 32% 14%	25086

By Month

Percentage Cloud Cover SE (2006-)
Color Meanings: Overcast 90% covered 80% covered 70% covered 60% covered 50% covered 40% covered 30% covered 20% covered 10% covered Clear
Month	Days in Month		Occurrence of each Forecast	Data Points
January	1st to 10th	Day	7% 4 3 5% 6% 4 6% 6% 7% 10% 42%	1706
	11th to 20th	Day	9% 6% 3 6% 7% 5% 7% 6% 7% 8% 37%	1644
	21st to end	Day	8% 6% 2 5% 7% 4 7% 7% 8% 10% 36%	1801
February	1st to 10th	Day	8% 5% 3 6% 6% 4 5% 5% 7% 10% 41%	1800
	11th to 20th	Day	6% 4 2 4 5% 3 4 5% 7% 10% 50%	1881
	21st to end	Day	5% 3 2 4 6% 4 6% 7% 8% 10% 45%	1628
March	1st to 10th	Day	4 4 2 5% 6% 4 6% 7% 7% 11% 45%	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	6% 3 2 5% 5% 3 6% 6% 10% 12% 43%	1980
	21st to end	Day	5% 4 3 5% 5% 3 5% 6% 6% 10% 46%	2178
April	1st to 10th	Day	3 3 1 3 5% 3 6% 6% 9% 14% 46%	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	6% 4 2 5% 5% 4 7% 7% 8% 14% 38%	2050
	21st to end	Day	6% 3 2 5% 5% 3 6% 7% 9% 11% 43%	2160
May	1st to 10th	Day	4 3 1 3 4 3 6% 7% 8% 13% 48%	2160
	11th to 20th	Day	9% 6% 3 7% 6% 5% 8% 8% 9% 12% 27%	2124
	21st to end	Day	9% 5% 4 7% 8% 6% 8% 8% 8% 11% 25%	2506
June	1st to 10th	Day	12% 8% 4 10% 8% 6% 8% 9% 8% 10% 17%	2340
	11th to 20th	Day	6% 6% 3 7% 10% 6% 9% 10% 10% 12% 20%	2340
	21st to end	Day	6% 5% 2 7% 9% 6% 9% 9% 10% 13% 24%	2340
July	1st to 10th	Day	5% 5% 3 7% 7% 4 8% 9% 11% 15% 27%	2340
	11th to 20th	Day	5% 4 3 8% 8% 4 8% 9% 10% 15% 26%	2340
	21st to end	Day	3 3 2 6% 9% 5% 8% 9% 11% 14% 28%	2547
August	1st to 10th	Day	5% 6% 3 7% 8% 6% 9% 8% 11% 13% 26%	2256
	11th to 20th	Day	4 4 2 6% 8% 4 7% 10% 10% 16% 28%	2126
	21st to end	Day	8% 4 2 7% 8% 5% 8% 9% 11% 14% 21%	2236
September	1st to 10th	Day	7% 5% 3 6% 9% 5% 10% 10% 9% 13% 22%	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	4 6% 4 7% 10% 6% 9% 9% 10% 13% 22%	1980
	21st to end	Day	9% 8% 3 9% 10% 5% 8% 8% 9% 11% 21%	1980
October	1st to 10th	Day	9% 6% 3 8% 9% 4 9% 8% 10% 12% 23%	1882
	11th to 20th	Day	10% 5% 3 6% 7% 5% 6% 8% 9% 11% 29%	1800
	21st to end	Day	12% 7% 2 7% 6% 4 6% 6% 7% 9% 34%	1980
November	1st to 10th	Day	8% 6% 3 6% 6% 5% 6% 7% 7% 9% 37%	1857
	11th to 20th	Day	11% 6% 3 7% 7% 5% 8% 6% 7% 9% 31%	1900
	21st to end	Day	9% 4 2 6% 7% 4 7% 7% 8% 10% 36%	1900
December	1st to 10th	Day	8% 4 3 5% 6% 4 6% 7% 7% 9% 40%	1900
	11th to 20th	Day	10% 6% 3 6% 7% 4 6% 5% 7% 9% 39%	2163
	21st to end	Day	13% 6% 3 7% 7% 5% 6% 7% 7% 9% 30%	3124
January	1st to 10th	Night	7% 5% 2 6% 4 4 6% 6% 7% 11% 43%	2459
	11th to 20th	Night	9% 6% 3 6% 6% 4 6% 7% 6% 10% 39%	2378
	21st to end	Night	7% 6% 2 5% 5% 4 6% 6% 7% 11% 40%	2551
February	1st to 10th	Night	8% 6% 3 6% 6% 3 5% 5% 6% 10% 42%	2160
	11th to 20th	Night	6% 4 2 4 4 3 3 5% 7% 9% 54%	1963
	21st to end	Night	5% 4 2 5% 5% 3 5% 5% 6% 11% 48%	1628
March	1st to 10th	Night	3 3 2 5% 5% 3 5% 6% 7% 9% 52%	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	7% 3 2 4 5% 3 4 5% 6% 10% 52%	1980
	21st to end	Night	6% 3 2 5% 4 2 5% 6% 6% 10% 50%	2178
April	1st to 10th	Night	3 3 2 3 4 3 4 5% 7% 11% 55%	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	5% 4 2 4 4 3 6% 6% 8% 10% 47%	1857
	21st to end	Night	6% 4 2 5% 5% 3 5% 5% 8% 11% 46%	1800
May	1st to 10th	Night	4 2 2 4 3 3 5% 5% 7% 10% 55%	1800
	11th to 20th	Night	9% 5% 3 7% 6% 4 6% 6% 7% 10% 37%	1770
	21st to end	Night	8% 7% 4 5% 6% 4 6% 7% 7% 12% 32%	1779
June	1st to 10th	Night	12% 7% 4 8% 9% 4 8% 9% 9% 10% 20%	1620
	11th to 20th	Night	7% 5% 2 6% 8% 5% 6% 7% 9% 12% 33%	1620
	21st to end	Night	4 5% 4 6% 7% 5% 6% 8% 11% 16% 30%	1620
July	1st to 10th	Night	4 5% 3 6% 7% 3 8% 7% 8% 13% 35%	1620
	11th to 20th	Night	4 4 3 6% 7% 4 7% 8% 12% 12% 35%	1620
	21st to end	Night	3 3 2 6% 6% 4 7% 7% 8% 12% 42%	1771
August	1st to 10th	Night	5% 5% 2 6% 6% 5% 7% 8% 10% 14% 33%	1662
	11th to 20th	Night	2 4 2 5% 6% 4 8% 8% 10% 14% 37%	1774
	21st to end	Night	7% 5% 3 7% 8% 5% 7% 7% 9% 13% 29%	2113
September	1st to 10th	Night	6% 5% 2 5% 7% 5% 8% 8% 9% 13% 30%	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	6% 7% 3 7% 8% 5% 8% 8% 8% 13% 26%	1980
	21st to end	Night	8% 7% 3 9% 8% 6% 8% 9% 8% 12% 22%	1980
October	1st to 10th	Night	8% 6% 3 8% 9% 6% 7% 9% 8% 13% 24%	2076
	11th to 20th	Night	9% 6% 2 7% 6% 4 7% 6% 9% 11% 32%	2160
	21st to end	Night	12% 6% 3 7% 6% 4 5% 5% 6% 9% 36%	2376
November	1st to 10th	Night	9% 6% 3 6% 6% 4 6% 5% 7% 11% 37%	2221
	11th to 20th	Night	10% 8% 3 7% 7% 4 6% 6% 7% 8% 33%	2280
	21st to end	Night	9% 6% 2 6% 7% 4 6% 7% 6% 12% 36%	2280
December	1st to 10th	Night	8% 5% 2 5% 6% 3 6% 6% 7% 11% 40%	2280
	11th to 20th	Night	11% 5% 3 7% 6% 3 5% 5% 6% 9% 40%	3027
	21st to end	Night	9% 7% 3 8% 8% 4 6% 6% 7% 10% 30%	4532

Transparency (when cloud cover <= 30%)
Color Meanings: Too cloudy to forecast Poor Below Average Average Above average Transparent
Month	Days in Month		Occurrence of each Forecast	Data Points
January	1st to 10th	Day	35% 9% 14% 22% 15% 6%	1707
	11th to 20th	Day	40% 10% 16% 20% 11% 4	1644
	21st to end	Day	36% 10% 15% 17% 17% 4	1801
February	1st to 10th	Day	35% 8% 14% 25% 14% 3	1800
	11th to 20th	Day	26% 7% 14% 28% 21% 4	1891
	21st to end	Day	25% 10% 16% 21% 23% 6%	1628
March	1st to 10th	Day	27% 9% 16% 25% 18% 4	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	26% 10% 18% 27% 15% 4	1980
	21st to end	Day	28% 9% 15% 25% 18% 4	2178
April	1st to 10th	Day	22% 10% 23% 30% 12% 2	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	29% 12% 21% 21% 15% 2	2050
	21st to end	Day	28% 10% 17% 24% 18% 3	2160
May	1st to 10th	Day	22% 10% 18% 27% 18% 6%	2160
	11th to 20th	Day	41% 14% 20% 20% 5%	2128
	21st to end	Day	44% 14% 17% 16% 8%	2506
June	1st to 10th	Day	55% 17% 18% 8% 2	2340
	11th to 20th	Day	45% 21% 22% 11% 1	2340
	21st to end	Day	43% 21% 26% 10%	2340
July	1st to 10th	Day	36% 24% 29% 10%	2275
	11th to 20th	Day	37% 22% 29% 11%	2271
	21st to end	Day	34% 22% 31% 12%	2405
August	1st to 10th	Day	39% 22% 26% 11% 2	2243
	11th to 20th	Day	34% 24% 29% 12%	2126
	21st to end	Day	42% 21% 26% 10% 1	2236
September	1st to 10th	Day	42% 24% 23% 11% 1	1980
	11th to 20th	Day	44% 21% 23% 9% 2	1980
	21st to end	Day	49% 19% 16% 11% 5%	1980
October	1st to 10th	Day	44% 16% 20% 14% 5% 1	1882
	11th to 20th	Day	40% 14% 18% 17% 11% 1	1800
	21st to end	Day	41% 8% 14% 18% 14% 5%	1980
November	1st to 10th	Day	38% 10% 14% 16% 16% 5%	1857
	11th to 20th	Day	43% 11% 14% 16% 13% 3	1900
	21st to end	Day	37% 9% 17% 16% 19% 2	1900
December	1st to 10th	Day	34% 11% 15% 23% 16% 2	1900
	11th to 20th	Day	38% 9% 11% 19% 18% 4	2160
	21st to end	Day	45% 10% 15% 15% 14% 2	3124
January	1st to 10th	Night	33% 9% 16% 23% 16% 4	2459
	11th to 20th	Night	38% 10% 15% 22% 12% 3	2378
	21st to end	Night	36% 9% 13% 22% 15% 5%	2551
February	1st to 10th	Night	35% 8% 13% 25% 16% 3	2160
	11th to 20th	Night	25% 7% 14% 26% 20% 7%	1964
	21st to end	Night	26% 7% 14% 23% 25% 5%	1628
March	1st to 10th	Night	26% 7% 14% 27% 21% 5%	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	26% 8% 16% 31% 16% 3	1980
	21st to end	Night	26% 7% 13% 27% 22% 4	2178
April	1st to 10th	Night	22% 7% 19% 35% 15% 2	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	28% 10% 20% 23% 17% 2	1857
	21st to end	Night	29% 8% 16% 26% 17% 4	1800
May	1st to 10th	Night	21% 8% 18% 32% 17% 5%	1800
	11th to 20th	Night	37% 11% 19% 25% 8%	1771
	21st to end	Night	40% 10% 19% 20% 11%	1780
June	1st to 10th	Night	52% 15% 20% 11% 2	1620
	11th to 20th	Night	41% 15% 25% 18% 2	1620
	21st to end	Night	37% 19% 33% 11%	1620
July	1st to 10th	Night	36% 19% 31% 14%	1575
	11th to 20th	Night	34% 17% 35% 14%	1566
	21st to end	Night	31% 17% 34% 16% 2	1672
August	1st to 10th	Night	34% 19% 29% 14% 3	1651
	11th to 20th	Night	29% 21% 33% 16%	1774
	21st to end	Night	42% 16% 29% 12% 1	2113
September	1st to 10th	Night	38% 20% 26% 14% 2	1980
	11th to 20th	Night	45% 20% 23% 10% 2	1980
	21st to end	Night	51% 17% 16% 10% 6%	1980
October	1st to 10th	Night	45% 16% 19% 13% 5% 1	2076
	11th to 20th	Night	41% 11% 20% 15% 11% 1	2160
	21st to end	Night	43% 7% 13% 20% 13% 4	2376
November	1st to 10th	Night	39% 8% 15% 19% 16% 4	2221
	11th to 20th	Night	47% 10% 9% 20% 12% 3	2280
	21st to end	Night	39% 9% 15% 20% 15% 3	2280
December	1st to 10th	Night	35% 11% 14% 23% 16% 2	2280
	11th to 20th	Night	38% 7% 11% 20% 17% 7%	3029
	21st to end	Night	44% 11% 15% 14% 14% 2	4532

Seeing (when cloud cover <= 80%)
Color Meanings: Too cloudy to forecast Bad 1/5 Poor 2/5 Average 3/5 Good 4/5 Excellent 5/5
Month	Days in Month		Occurrence of each Forecast	Data Points
January	1st to 10th	Day	7% 8% 24% 44% 16%	270
	11th to 20th	Day	10% 7% 26% 40% 15% 2	248
	21st to end	Day	8% 10% 32% 41% 8% 1	264
February	1st to 10th	Day	6% 7% 23% 43% 21% 1	240
	11th to 20th	Day	7% 4 19% 41% 27% 2	374
	21st to end	Day	5% 3 19% 40% 32% 1	346
March	1st to 10th	Day	5% 5% 28% 43% 16% 2	420
	11th to 20th	Day	5% 3 25% 41% 23% 2	420
	21st to end	Day	5% 4 19% 46% 25% 2	462
April	1st to 10th	Day	4 1 22% 49% 20% 3	420
	11th to 20th	Day	5% 2 21% 47% 22% 3	412
	21st to end	Day	4 2 16% 46% 30% 2	420
May	1st to 10th	Day	3 1 11% 46% 31% 8%	423
	11th to 20th	Day	9% 2 12% 32% 36% 7%	447
	21st to end	Day	9% 2 8% 24% 42% 15%	485
June	1st to 10th	Day	11% 3 9% 21% 41% 15%	450
	11th to 20th	Day	7% 1 5% 17% 41% 29%	450
	21st to end	Day	3 2 3 11% 39% 42%	450
July	1st to 10th	Day	3 1 2 7% 42% 46%	445
	11th to 20th	Day	4 1 1 9% 42% 42%	444
	21st to end	Day	3 1 3 10% 41% 43%	488
August	1st to 10th	Day	6% 1 3 9% 43% 38%	446
	11th to 20th	Day	2 1 2 12% 44% 40%	439
	21st to end	Day	8% 1 4 18% 39% 30%	495
September	1st to 10th	Day	8% 1 4 10% 38% 38%	450
	11th to 20th	Day	6% 4 12% 40% 37%	450
	21st to end	Day	7% 2 6% 14% 42% 29%	450
October	1st to 10th	Day	9% 3 6% 31% 40% 11%	450
	11th to 20th	Day	9% 2 10% 33% 35% 11%	450
	21st to end	Day	12% 3 14% 33% 32% 6%	495
November	1st to 10th	Day	7% 4 17% 35% 31% 6%	455
	11th to 20th	Day	13% 4 17% 35% 27% 4	460
	21st to end	Day	10% 3 18% 40% 26% 3	460
December	1st to 10th	Day	9% 1 19% 41% 27% 2	460
	11th to 20th	Day	9% 5% 16% 38% 30% 2	280
	21st to end	Day	9% 7% 20% 38% 24% 1	297
January	1st to 10th	Night	7% 6% 21% 37% 26% 3	760
	11th to 20th	Night	11% 5% 24% 39% 20% 2	732
	21st to end	Night	8% 8% 23% 42% 18% 1	792
February	1st to 10th	Night	10% 5% 19% 42% 24% 1	720
	11th to 20th	Night	6% 4 24% 38% 25% 2	703
	21st to end	Night	6% 3 18% 45% 27% 1	592
March	1st to 10th	Night	5% 5% 26% 43% 20% 2	720
	11th to 20th	Night	7% 2 19% 45% 24% 3	720
	21st to end	Night	5% 4 21% 43% 26% 1	792
April	1st to 10th	Night	4 2 15% 49% 30% 1	720
	11th to 20th	Night	5% 3 17% 46% 28% 2	711
	21st to end	Night	6% 2 15% 46% 30% 2	720
May	1st to 10th	Night	5% 1 11% 41% 38% 4	720
	11th to 20th	Night	9% 2 10% 40% 37% 3	709
	21st to end	Night	10% 2 7% 23% 46% 12%	619
June	1st to 10th	Night	14% 2 5% 22% 39% 17%	540
	11th to 20th	Night	7% 1 3 10% 44% 34%	540
	21st to end	Night	4 1 3 9% 37% 46%	540
July	1st to 10th	Night	4 1 4 6% 39% 47%	525
	11th to 20th	Night	5% 1 1 8% 37% 47%	522
	21st to end	Night	3 1 2 9% 34% 52%	591
August	1st to 10th	Night	7% 2 10% 41% 40%	588
	11th to 20th	Night	4 2 9% 43% 42%	710
	21st to end	Night	9% 1 5% 15% 38% 33%	792
September	1st to 10th	Night	9% 1 4 10% 38% 39%	720
	11th to 20th	Night	9% 2 5% 13% 34% 38%	720
	21st to end	Night	12% 1 5% 16% 37% 29%	720
October	1st to 10th	Night	11% 2 8% 28% 39% 13%	720
	11th to 20th	Night	12% 1 11% 27% 37% 13%	720
	21st to end	Night	16% 2 14% 31% 33% 6%	792
November	1st to 10th	Night	11% 5% 19% 32% 29% 5%	740
	11th to 20th	Night	12% 4 17% 32% 30% 5%	760
	21st to end	Night	11% 4 19% 35% 28% 3	760
December	1st to 10th	Night	9% 4 17% 36% 33% 2	760
	11th to 20th	Night	12% 5% 17% 34% 29% 4	760
	21st to end	Night	9% 4 20% 36% 27% 4	836

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